![]() Ancestry j2k files mac os#Mac OS PDF/A software includes Microsoft Office 2011, OpenOffice, Nuance PDF Converter, and Adobe Acrobat (get Version 8.0 or later).Īnother file format worth noting is JPEG 2000. Ancestry j2k files windows#pdf)-therefore you cannot detect a PDF/A file without examining the metadata that describe it.Ī partial list of PDF/A software for Windows is provided here:Adobe Acrobat (get Version 8.0 or later)soft Xpansion Perfect PDF Master (free for personal use)Nuance PDF ConverterSolid PDF CreatorMicrosoft Office 2007 via its “Save as PDF” plugin (float your cursor over “Save As,” click on “PDF or XPS,” click the “Options…” button, then select “ISO 19005-1 compliant (PDF/A)” under “PDF Options”) Also note that a PDF/A file has the same file extension as a non-archival PDF file (i.e. Nevertheless, PDF/A offers the promise of renderability well into the future.įor more information about PDF/A, see the REFERENCES section. ![]() Since fonts used in the document must be embedded with the content data, the resulting file size will be larger than a corresponding (regular) PDF file. Also, PDF/A does not allow encryption and requires the use of standards-based metadata (i.e., descriptive information). In effect, PDF/A uses a software archiving approach to digital preservation.Ĭombined with the archive-grade storage media described in Part 2 of this series, PDF/A provides a breakthrough in personal archiving! For example, it embeds relevant fonts and color information with the content data so that future computer software will be able to render the document exactly as it can be rendered today. Recognizing the impact of file format obsolescence on digital preservation, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defined in 2005 an “electronic document file format for long term preservation.” Based on the Adobe PDF 1.4 format, PDF/A provides a self-contained, self-describing format that is independent of external sources. The first is the PDF/A format (Portable Document Format for Archiving). (Note: JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group-originators of the JPEG standard.)įortunately, there are file formats that can help overcome both challenges described above. Such JPEG images may be suitable for viewing on a website, but they may disappoint if you try to print them. ![]() JPEG decompression always results in altered file content compared to the original. That’s because JPEG processing does lossy compression of the digital bits-which means that many of them are discarded in order to achieve a significant reduction in file size. Converting a TIFF file to the JPEG format will reduce the size of the file, but the reduction will come at the expense of resolution. For example, if the record is to be printed, print quality will reflect resolution quality of the digital record when you archived it.įor photographs, TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) provides very high resolution, but it also creates large files that consume considerable amounts of archival storage capacity. ![]() And since you don’t know how a record will be used in the future (either by you or your posterity/extended family), resolution can become problematic. The reason is that a digital record’s resolution quality cannot be improved once the digital record is created. When preserving digital family history records, you should always preserve them at the highest resolution you can afford. Anyone attempting to preserve a WordStar document in 1985 would undoubtedly have a difficult time getting his or her personal computer to read it today-even if the storage medium used at the time were still readable!įile size can also be of concern for digital preservation. Today it is effectively “abandonware” (i.e., no longer developed or maintained). To illustrate, in the early and mid-1980s, WordStar was the most popular DOS word processing software in the world. File Format Challenges and SolutionsĪnother challenge of digital preservation has to do with file formats. This part explores in detail challenges of and solutions to file formats. Ancestry j2k files series#Part 2 of this series introduced you to the challenges of digital preservation and discussed solutions to archival storage media challenges. ![]()
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![]() Shor PW (1997) Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. Roy SS, Vercauteren F, Mertens N, Chen DD, Verbauwhede I (2014) Compact ring-LWE cryptoprocessor. Pöppelmann T, Güneysu T (2012) Towards efficient arithmetic for lattice-based cryptography on reconfigurable hardware. Pollard JM (1971) The fast Fourier transform in a finite field. Peikert C (2014) Lattice cryptography for the internet. Lyubashevsky V, Peikert C, Regev O (2010) On ideal lattices and learning with errors over rings. Solving lattice multiplication problems is also excellent times tables. Lindner R, Buchmann J, Doering M (2008) Efficiency improvements for NTRU. This app can be used to teach and study the ancient lattice multiplication method. Lee MK, Kim JW, Song JE, Park K (2013) Efficient implementation of NTRU cryptosystem using sliding window methods. Lee MK, Kim JW, Song JE, Park K (2007) Sliding Window Method for NTRU. Knuth D (1997) The art of computer programming volume 2: seminumerical algorithms. Karatsuba A, Ofman Y (1962) Multiplication of many-digital numbers by automatic computers. ![]() Hoffstein J, Silverman JH (1998) NTRU: a ring-based public key Cryptosystem. Güneysu T, Oder T, Pöppelmann T, Schwabe P (2013) Speed records for lattice-based signatures. Güneysu T, Lyubashevsky V, Pöppelmann T (2014) Lattice-based signatures: optimization and implementation on reconfigurable hardware. Güneysu T, Lyubashevsky V, Pöppelmann T (2012) Practical lattice-based cryptography: a signature scheme for embedded systems. A lattice (a grid) guides the calculation. doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2014.2350431ĭucas L, Durmus A, Lepoint T, Lyubashevsky V (2013) Lattice signatures and bimodal Gaussians. Lattice multiplication is algorithmically equivalent to long multiplication. LNCS, vol 2162, pp 262–272Ĭhen DD, Mentens N, Vercauteren F, Roy SS, Cheung RCC, Pao D, Verbauwhede I (2014) High-speed polynomial multiplication architecture for ring-LWE and SHE cryptosystems. In: IEEE HOST, pp 81–86īailey DV, Coffin D, Elbirt A, Silverman JH, Woodbury AD (2001) NTRU in constrained devices. IEICE Electron Exp 11(22):1–6Īysu A, Patterson C, Schaumont P (2013) Low-cost and area efficient FPGA implementations of lattice-based cryptography. In: Proceedings of IEEE 22nd signal processing and communications applications conference (SIU 2014), pp 854–857Īkleylek S, Yüce Tok Z (2014) Efficient interleaved montgomery modular multiplication for lattice-based cryptography. Lattice multiplication involves: Using basic facts knowledge Organizing a multiplication problem using a. #Lattice multiplication freeIn view of all what has been said, our multiplication worksheets & Times Table Games has original elements for teaching and the best Multiplication Free Printable Resources.Akleylek S, Yüce Tok Z (2014) Efficient arithmetic for lattice-based cryptography on GPU using the CUDA platform. Using these different approaches therefore, a kid will not only think about what works in multiplication, but also about how and why things work. These approaches are extremely very easy to understand. Back to Lessons Lattice Multiplication is a strategy that is covered in Everyday Math which is the McGraw-Hill math text the classroom uses. Our multiplication Worksheets & times table games however possesses four different strategies, namely repeated addition, array repartition, equal groups and number line. ![]() ![]() Using different approaches and strategies to solve multiplication problems is the key to easy understanding. Different approaches - Best understanding multiplication For this reason, our multiplication times table exercises, training games & worksheets will bring to the excitement of kids, multiplication problems to be solved with pictures and visual models. Home learning between mother and child at times is usually very interesting and enjoyable. Lattice multiplication worksheets are great for visual learners who are working on two-digit multiplication This lattice multiplication worksheet shows your child a simple way to multiply two-digit numbers and keep track each step in the process. Heroes Shepherd Pair Cards Matching Game. ![]() ![]() ![]() The tram started moving slowly and smoothly at first, but gradually increased its speed. #Portland aerial tram windows#The windows inside are huge and offer amazing views from every angle. ![]() I got on the Aerial Tram at the South Waterfront terminal and was surprised by how spacious the Tram itself was – even with all the people inside, it felt very comfortable. Portland’s Tram is owned by the Portland Bureau of Transportation and operated in partnership with OHSU. Rich explained that the Aerial Tram is one of only two commuter aerial trams in the United States, the other being in New York City’s Roosevelt Island. That was the case until a few weeks ago when I took the aerial commute to OHSU accompanied by Rich Eisenhauer, PBOT’s SDC Program and Portland Aerial Tram Manager. Photo by Brian Armada.ĭespite being in Portland for the better part of four years, it is to my shame that I had never taken the Aerial Tram! I had definitely seen it every time that I ventured into the South Waterfront, taking its commuters 500 feet into the air as it traverses 3,300 feet towards OHSU, but never once took it myself. Helens in view over downtown Portland and the Willamette River during a ride on the Portland Aerial Tram. News Blog: 10 years after Portland Aerial Tram's debut, Portlanders are still discovering the thrilling ride, breathtaking views Mount St. View Less News Blog: 10 years after Portland Aerial Tram's debut, Portlanders are still discovering the thrilling ride, breathtaking views
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